Explaining Menstruations

Explaining Menstruations

In the United States, girls typically begin menstruating between the ages of 9 and 16, with the average age of 12.5 years. If your daughter is approaching menstruation, you may have rehearsed a speech or two in your head. But hold off on the fine details.

"Most adolescent girls want a foundation of support, reassurance, and facts about menstrual hygiene," says Cindy Gunnarson, RNC, clinical nurse specialist with Waukesha Memorial Hospital's Women's Health Services. (Gunnarson recently gave a talk about menstruation to local Girl Scouts and their mothers.)

Presenting the biological basics is, of course, necessary and many adolescents do want to know them-and should. But front and center in many young minds are other issues surrounding this time in their lives. "Tailor your talk so that you connect with your daughter at her level," Gunnarson urges. "Discussions should address self-image, which is so important during these years. For example, if she's the first or last in her peer group to get her period, she'll want reassurance that there is nothing wrong with her." Women's Health Services offers the following guidelines to help you and your daughter.

• Start early. Girls benefit when adults treat menstruation as a healthy, normal event. Be open about menstruation, while still respecting privacy.
• Be concrete. Abstract ideas, such as "Menstruation is a transition into womanhood," may be lost. Use concrete tips. Girls usually want to know how to dispose of pads, where to get pads at school, how to prepare for overnights away from home. Plus they should be reminded to pay attention to personal hygiene.
• Weed out misinformation. Ask your daughter what she already has learned from peers and others about menstruation. You may have to dispel misinformation.
• Present biological basics. Using language comfortable to your daughter, create a simple framework on which you can hang more details later.
• What about Dad? Obviously, each family is different when it comes to Dad's role. Some girls prefer Dad to stay out of it. Many want their fathers to play an indirect role by offering support and understanding, but that's usually the extent of it.
• Helping her through the first ob/gyn appointment. Prior to her first menstrual period- when physical changes become apparent- girls should visit an ob/gyn. This can help them link the physical changes in their body with emotional changes they are feeling. Explain the exam ahead of time.
• Help her track her cycle. Each period should be marked on a calendar, noting symptoms and patterns.
• Check web sites. Internet sites such as www.tampax.com may help answer your daughter's questions.

Male Puberty

Male Puberty

Male puberty starts around age 11 and lasts until age 17. The physical and emotional changes of puberty are related to the body's increase of the hormone testosterone.

Emerging from this transitional time with a positive self image is made easier with parental understanding and support. One way parents can support a son through puberty is by tuning in to how he feels about his changing body and how he is reacting to these changes. Moodiness, for example, is a normal reaction. It is only abnormal it if doesn't go away in a few weeks or becomes worse.

During this time, a male undergoes tremendous physical changes. These changes may occur quickly and an adolescent may feel uncomfortable with his body and its adequacy. Profound physical changes aside, he also is coming to terms with his sexual development and the emotions that go with it, all measured against that of his peers. One of an adolescent's major concerns at this time is fear of not keeping pace with his friends. This can be an especially trying time for those who develop later or earlier than their classmates.

Puberty also is a period of enormous intellectual growth, a time during which adolescents experience new insights and the ability to understand more complex matters. It is natural for all adolescents to move away from the family and toward the peer group in order to establish independence and learn how to relate to same-aged young men and women. This pull away from the family can cause parents unpleasant emotions as well, including feeling left out and unappreciated.

For children and parents, puberty marks the end of childhood and the beginning of the next phase of life. Puberty can be a time for adolescents to experience this on a more adult level and to develop important, lifelong skills.

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is a food-making process that occurs in green plants. It is the chief function of leaves. The word photosynthesis means putting together with light. Green plants use energy from light to combine carbon dioxide and water to make sugar and other chemical compounds.

How is the light used in photosynthesis?

The light used in photosynthesis is absorbed by a green pigment called chlorophyll. Each food-making cell in a plant leaf contains chlorophyll in small bodies called chloroplasts. In chloroplast, light energy causes water drawn form the soil to split into hydrogen and oxygen.

What are the steps of photosynthesis process? Let me tell you the process of photosynthesis, in a series of complicated steps, the hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide from the air, forming a simple sugar. Oxygen from the water molecules is given off in the process. From sugar together with nitrogen, sulphur, and phosporus from the soil-green plants can make starch, fat, protein, vitamins, and other complex compounds essential for life. Photosynthesis provides the chemical energy that is needed to produced these compounds.

The Effects of Acid Soil

"The Effects of Acid Soil"

Soils with a pH of less than 7.0 are acid. The lower the pH, the more acid the soil. When soil pH falls below 5.5, plant growth is affected. Crop yields decrease, reducing productivity

Soils provide water and nutrients for plant growth and development. Essential plant nutrients include phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium and sulfur. Plants require other elements such as molybdenum, in smaller quantities. Some elements eg aluminium and manganese, are toxic to plants.

Nutrients become available to plants when they are dissolved in water. Plants are able to take up phosphate, nitrate, potassium and sulfate ions in solution.

The solubility of nitients changes with pH. In acid soils (low pH), molybdenum becomes less soluble and aluminium becomes more soluble. Therefore, plant growth may be affected by either a deficiency of molybdenum or too much aluminium.

Both crop and pasture plants are affected by acid soils. there may be a range of symptoms. Crops and pastures may be poorly established resulting in patchy and uneven growth. Plant leaves may go yellow and die at the tips. The root system of the plant may be stunted. Crops may yield less.

Plants vary in their sensitivity to low pH. Canola and lucerne are very sensitive to acid soils so do not grow well. Lupins and triticale are tolerant to soils of low pH so they still perform well.

Land can become unproductive if acid soil is left untreated. Incorporating lime into the soil raises the pH. Therefore, liming soil can reverse the effects of acid soil on plants and return a paddock to productivity.

How Chocolate is made

How Chocolate is made

Have we wondered how we get chocolate from? Well this time we will enter the amazing world of chocolate so we can understand exactly we are eating.

Chocolate starts a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in place such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. In side the fruits are the tree's seeds. They are also known as coco beans.

Next, the beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun. After that they are shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavour. So they are often shorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix.

The next process is winnowing. The roasted beans are winnowed to remove the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter.

All seeds contain some amount of fat and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs from liquid. It is pure bitter chocolate.

How Cell Phones Work

How Cell Phones Work 

A cell phone is a great gadget in this modern world. What is a cell phone? A cell phone is actually a radio in certain way. Like a radio, by a cell phone we can communicate to other people in real time. Million people use cell phone for their communication. Even nowadays, people use cell phones to communicate in voice, written and data. Alexander Graham Bell is the person who make great change in the way people communicate to each other. He invented a telephone in 1876. While wireless radio was formally known in 1894 presented by Guglielmo Marconi. By these two technologies, then a cell phone was born. However do you know how actually cell phones work?

This short explanation on how a cell phone work is really wonderful. A cell phone or in long term "cellular telephone' works by transmitting signals of radio to towers of cellular. The towers are networked to a central switching station. The connection usually uses wire, fiber optic-cables, or microwave.

Then the central switching station which handles calls in certain given area is directed connected to the wire-based telephone system. Cellulars are pick up by the towers and relayed to another cellular telephone user or the user of wire-based telephone network.

the towers vary in the capacity and capability to receive signals. Some can receive the signal from short distance and the others can receive more distance. However, there are usually more than one tower in certain given area so that the system can handle the increasing telephone traffic.

Contoh Teks Deskriftive (B. Inggris)

Sample Descriptive Teks..

A Friendly Clown

On one corner of my dresser sits a smiling toy clown on a tiny unicycle--a gift I received last Christmas from a close friend. The clown's short yellow hair, made of yarn, covers its ears but is parted above the eyes. The blue eyes are outlined in black with thin, dark lashes flowing from the brows. It has cherry-red cheeks, nose, and lips, and its broad grin disappears into the wide, white ruffle around its neck. The clown wears a fluffy, two-tone nylon costume. The left side of the outfit is light blue, and the right side is red. The two colors merge in a dark line that runs down the center of the small outfit. Surrounding its ankles and disguising its long black shoes are big pink bows. The white spokes on the wheels of the unicycle gather in the center and expand to the black tire so that the wheel somewhat resembles the inner half of a grapefruit. The clown and unicycle together stand about a foot high. As a cherished gift from my good friend Tran, this colorful figure greets me with a smile every time I enter my room.

The Blond Guitar

My most valuable possession is an old, slightly warped blond guitar--the first instrument I taught myself how to play. It's nothing fancy, just a Madeira folk guitar, all scuffed and scratched and finger-printed. At the top is a bramble of copper-wound strings, each one hooked through the eye of a silver tuning key. The strings are stretched down a long, slim neck, its frets tarnished, the wood worn by years of fingers pressing chords and picking notes. The body of the Madeira is shaped like an enormous yellow pear, one that was slightly damaged in shipping. The blond wood has been chipped and gouged to gray, particularly where the pick guard fell off years ago. No, it's not a beautiful instrument, but it still lets me make music, and for that I will always treasure it.

 

Contoh Teks Deskriptif ..

Badut Yang Ramah

Di salah satu sudut meja riasku duduk mainan badut tersenyum pada Unicycle kecil - hadiah Natal yang lalu saya menerima dari seorang teman dekat. Rambut pendek kuning badut, terbuat dari benang, meliputi telinga tetapi berpisah di atas mata. Mata biru yang digariskan dalam hitam dengan tipis, gelap bulu mata mengalir dari alis. Ini memiliki ceri merah pipi, hidung, dan bibir, dan menyeringai luas menghilang ke dalam ruffle, lebar putih di sekitar lehernya. Badut memakai, dua-nada halus kostum nilon. Sisi kiri dari pakaian berwarna biru terang, dan sisi kanan berwarna merah. Dua warna bergabung dalam garis gelap yang berjalan di tengah pakaian kecil. Sekitarnya pergelangan kaki dan sepatu menyamarkan panjang busur hitam merah muda besar. Jari-jari putih pada roda Unicycle berkumpul di pusat dan memperluas ke ban hitam sehingga roda agak menyerupai setengah dalam buah anggur. Para badut dan Unicycle bersama-sama berdiri sekitar tinggi kaki. Sebagai hadiah berharga dari teman Tran baik saya, angka ini berwarna-warni menyambut saya dengan senyum setiap kali saya memasuki kamarku.

Guitar Musik

Milik saya yang paling berharga adalah sebuah gitar, tua pirang sedikit melengkung - instrumen pertama saya belajar sendiri cara bermain. Tidak mewah itu, hanya gitar rakyat Madeira, semua lecet dan tergores dan jari-dicetak. Di atas adalah semak duri dari tembaga-luka string, masing-masing terhubung melalui mata seorang tombol tuning perak. Senar yang membentang ke bawah leher, panjang dan ramping, frets yang ternoda, kayu dipakai oleh tahun jari menekan akord dan catatan memetik. Tubuh Madeira berbentuk seperti buah pir kuning besar, yang sedikit rusak dalam pengiriman. Kayu pirang telah pecah dan mencungkil menjadi abu-abu, terutama di mana penjaga mengambil jatuh dari tahun lalu. Tidak, itu bukan instrumen yang indah, tetapi masih memungkinkan saya membuat musik, dan untuk itu saya akan selalu menghargainya.